Common pediatric rashes include viral exanthems (e.g., measles, rubella, roseola, fifth disease, varicella, HFMD), bacterial infections (e.g., scarlet fever, impetigo), immune-mediated conditions (e.g., HSP, Kawasaki disease, erythema multiforme), and drug eruptions. These conditions often present with fever, characteristic rash patterns, and sometimes mucosal or systemic involvement. Diagnosis is primarily clinical, supported by lab tests when necessary. Management is largely supportive, though specific antimicrobials, immunosuppressants, or hospitalization may be required. Most are self-limiting, but complications such as encephalitis, nephritis, or coronary aneurysms can occur. Prevention includes good hygiene, vaccination, and appropriate use of medications. Prompt recognition ensures timely treatment and reduces complications.