Gout is a common inflammatory arthritis caused by monosodium urate crystal deposition due to hyperuricemia. It typically presents with acute monoarticular arthritis, often affecting the first metatarsophalangeal joint, and may progress to chronic tophaceous gout if untreated. Diagnosis is confirmed by detecting urate crystals in synovial fluid; serum urate levels and imaging support diagnosis. Management includes lifestyle modifications, treating comorbidities, and urate-lowering therapy such as allopurinol or febuxostat. Acute flares are managed with NSAIDs, colchicine, or corticosteroids. Regular monitoring and dose adjustment of therapy are essential to maintain serum urate below target levels and prevent recurrent flares.