Designing a Blockchain-Based Secure Scheme for Oil and Gas Supply Chain System Using Hyperledger Fabric and InterPlanetary File System (IPFS)

The movement of a product through a distribution system from its producer to its consumer is known as transportation and is also another function that can be located in the supply chain. As illustrated in the oil and gas business, the supply chain entails several phases to support the flow of the product. These stages are exploration for the resources, drilling and extraction of the resources, transporting the resources to the processing point, refining of the resources, distributing the processed resources, and finally, selling the resources to the consumers. Traditionally, each stage of a project produces a large quantity of data. Centralized data pools are well known to have a number of difficulties to meet the requirements of big quantities of data storage, data security, and availability; centralized storages can also be prone to data manipulation. In response to these challenges, this work designs a system with the IPFS as a distributed storage system and Hyperledger Fabric as the inherent blockchain architecture. Being a true distributed file system, IPFS is used to manage large volumes of information produced over the course of supply chain operations; the advantages include data duplication and resilience to errors. Hyperledger Fabric is the blockchain used to store the hash of the data saved to the IPFS. This integration helps to prevent the losses of the original supply chain data, while their fast verification is also achievable. The proposition on which this paper is based exhibits a number of innovations in enhancing modern supply chain management benefits such as improved data security, privacy, provenance, and openness.