Perovskite Solar Cells: Futuristic Reliable Renewable Energy Technology

This chapter provides a historical overview of photovoltaic technology, charting its evolution from intermittent viability to a crucial solution for contemporary energy needs. Emphasizing its cost-effectiveness, the analysis explores diverse applications, from space technology to public illumination and large-scale photovoltaic parks. It provides typical insights into the solar cell operational principles, such as p–n junctions. It reviews various models, including 1M3P, 1M5P, and complex structures like 1M7P, where M and P stand for model and parameters, respectively. The study uses electrical models and a thorough literature assessment to provide insights into the performance variations of solar cells under challenging conditions such as variation in temperature, irradiation changes, degradation, and shading, offering new research endeavors to address real-world problems. This chapter serves as a concise overview, aiming to engage new researchers by highlighting historical milestones, foundational principles, and notable applications in the dynamic field of photovoltaics.