All minerals exist and are stable under certain physical and chemical conditions. When the stable conditions of a mineral change, the composition and/or structure of the mineral will also change, resulting in a change in the physical and chemical properties of the mineral. This process is known as the mineral alteration process. More precisely, transformation processes in minerals refer to the processes in which the composition, structure, and physicochemical properties of minerals change under certain physical and chemical conditions. The “physical and chemical conditions” here refer to various physical and chemical conditions, including temperature, pressure, acidity and alkalinity, electromagnetic and nuclear radiation, pH value, E h value, and medium, as well as the interaction of both single and multiple physical and chemical conditions. The term “properties” here refers to all aspects of minerals, including composition such as chemical composition, mineral components, isomorphism, and water content; structure such as atomic structure, lattice type, crystal structure, polymorphism, crystal defects, porous structure, fiber structure, and microscopic structure; as well as all chemical, physical, and surface properties. The term “process” here refers not only to understanding the starting and ending points of the changes in mineral properties, what characteristics they possess, but more importantly, to understanding the entire process and mechanism of changes in mineral properties under certain physical and chemical conditions.