Numerous of examples in this book demonstrates that the microstructure has a significant impact on the properties of minerals and mineral materials, such as the influence of pore structure on thermal insulation, sound absorption, filtration, sealing, sound absorption, etc., and the influence of fibrous structure on mechanical properties, thermal properties, and surface properties. By the mechanisms of isotropy and anisotropy in heterogeneous materials, further explanations are provided on the influence of microstructure on the properties of mineral materials.