The crystal structures of minerals are highly complex and diverse, yet they follow inherent scientific principles. The concept of “structural types” refers to systematic classifications of mineral crystal structures based on their chemical bonding characteristics and the three-dimensional spatial arrangements of coordination polyhedra. This framework provides critical insights into the fundamental nature of minerals and their structure-property relationships. Drawing on previous studies (Zoltai and Stout 1992; Pan 1993; Qin 2011) and the authors’ research, this chapter outlines the structural types of minerals and their influences on crystal morphology and mechanical properties.