The surface modification of mineral powders relies on the adsorption, coating, and reaction of surface modifiers on the surface of powder particles. There are many surface modifiers, mainly coupling agents, surfactants, organic oligomers, unsaturated organic acids, organic silicon, water-soluble polymers, metal oxides, and their salts. Currently, the main characteristics and applicable polymers of commonly used surface modifiers in China are shown in Table 1, and more detailed information on the varieties of surface modifiers and their applicable minerals is listed in Table 2. Currently, the commonly used coupling agents are silane coupling agents, titanate coupling agents, and aluminate coupling agents. Selecting effective and economical surface modifiers based on the characteristics of mineral powders and polymers is one of the key techniques in mineral powder surface modification technology. It should be determined through experiments according to the actual situation.