A Comprehensive Review of the Effect of Nano-additives in Engine Characteristics Using Biodiesel-Diesel Blends

The growing utilization of diesel engines in many applications, especially in agriculture, transportation, and power generation, is leading to an increased demand for diesel fuel, resulting in rising prices and greenhouse gas emissions. To mitigate these issues, biofuels have been presented as a possible substitute fuel. However, the primary barriers to the widespread use of biodiesel in CI engines are their poor atomization, higher viscosity and density, and low energy content. Among various techniques, fuel modification can be a crucial factor in improving engine output and lowering exhaust emissions. The addition of metallic and non-metallic nanoparticles is a clear choice to improve the physicochemical characteristics of biodiesel as well as compression ignition (CI) engine characteristics. In this study, the remarkable properties of nano-additives are thoroughly explained. The review demonstrates how the nano-additives influence the engine performance, combustion, and emission qualities running on biodiesel-diesel blends. The impact of varying sizes and dosages of nanoparticles on the behavior of engines are also covered in this work.