This chapter delves into the vital intersection of blockchain technology and traceability within the intricate world of the fashion and textile supply chain. The fashion and textile industry, a cornerstone of global trade, confronts a range of challenges, including ethical dilemmas, supply chain intricacies, and the shifting expectations of consumers who demand transparency. Blockchain technology, renowned for its decentralized and unchangeable characteristics, emerges as a pivotal solution to address these issues. It provides clear and tamper-proof records that guarantee the legitimacy of products, their traceability, and the ethical origins of the materials. Through a detailed examination of the Vietnamese textile and garment industry, this chapter vividly demonstrates the severe consequences that arise when traceability is lacking, emphasizing the pressing need for blockchain adoption. By focusing on its applications and the resulting impacts, this chapter underscores how blockchain is reshaping the fashion and textile industry, advancing transparency, accountability, and sustainability.