Cereal crops are a vital element of the human diet. However, they can be affected by a wide range of pathogenic bacteria, resulting in considerable annual losses and economic consequences worldwide. Plant disease detection is essential for managing plant diseases to ensure high productivity and sustainable agriculture. Recent methods have been developed based on molecular biology techniques, notably high-throughput sequencing, and nanobiotechnology applied to plants using biosensors. Genome editing has proved useful for protecting cereal crops against pathogen infection. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have also demonstrated their potential as an effective alternative to conventional chemical plant preservation techniques. They act through a variety of processes to improve plant development and yield while preventing pathogen infection. This chapter highlights the importance of cereal crops and the bacterial diseases associated with them, with particular emphasis on the Xanthomonas genus. It illustrates recent detection techniques for cereal crops. We also discuss the implementation of PGPRs as an affordable and environmentally friendly means of controlling pathogenic bacteria, describing the processes developed by biocontrol agents (BCAs) and highlighting their direct/indirect modes of action designed to protect cereal crops effectively and sustainably. We are also exploring genome-editing techniques to develop high-yielding, stress-tolerant plants.