The expansion of pharmaceuticals in aquatic environments and their adverse environmental effects has fuelled the development of improved wastewater treatment technology. Conventional procedures are frequently ineffectual in dealing with the persistent nature of medications. The extraordinary advances in the photocatalytic removal of pharmaceuticals from wastewater using biochar-based nanocomposites are discussed in this review study. It starts by explaining the environmental consequences of pharmaceutical pollution and emphasizes the need for more effective cleanup procedures. Biochar's physicochemical and surface features, including its large surface area and functional groups, are reviewed, emphasizing its applicability for adsorption and catalytic applications. Surface modifications are being investigated to improve biochar's photocatalytic capabilities. The photocatalytic mechanism behind medication elimination is detailed, offering insights into the fundamental mechanisms involved. This review will discuss current advances in producing biochar-based nanocomposites and their use in pharmaceutical degradation. A significant focus is the synergy between biochar's adsorption capabilities and the photocatalytic prowess of nanomaterials, revealing the adaptability of this technique for addressing a wide range of pharmaceutical pollutants. The environmental and economic viability of using biochar-based nanocomposites for pharmaceutical removal is discussed, emphasizing its potential benefits to carbon sequestration and more energy-efficient wastewater treatment. Finally, this review paper not only gives a thorough account of current breakthroughs in pharmaceutical removal utilizing biochar-based nanocomposites but also emphasizes the vital need for long-term solutions in the face of pharmaceutical contamination. Investigating these advancements and prospects in this area will motivate further research to attain a cleaner and more sustainable future in water treatment.