Over the recent decades, rapid urbanizationUrbanization in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal has rapidly increased the demand for land for constructing buildings and other infrastructureInfrastructure. During the past 15 years, the bare land area has increased rapidly in the surrounding hill area due to the haphazard extraction of construction materials and rapidly growing land plotting, resulting in heavy sediments in the rivers and rivulets. Heavy sediment loads in the river cause frequent flash floodsFlash floods during the rainy seasonSeason. Uncontrolled mining of sand from the riverbed and deepening of riverbeds further damage the infrastructureInfrastructure and cause water pollutionWater pollution in the valley. This study assesses the bare land and sediment productionProduction and their impactsImpact on the valley’s citiesValley’s cities. Land useLand use/land cover data and Google Earth images were used to identify and measure the bare land areas. Fieldwork was conducted in different parts of the valley and an intensiveIntensive field survey was conducted in the Bishnumati watershed area, one of the major river watersheds of the valley. It is argued that if the demands for land and construction materials are not met in a well-planned way, their negative impactImpact will induce more vulnerabilityVulnerabilities to the cities.