Growth and Development of Squatter Settlements: A Challenge to Urban Sustainability in Nepal: the Case of Kathmandu City
摘要
Squatter settlementSquatter settlement is related to ugly urban landscapeLandscape in Nepal. Over the years, the number of squatter settlementsSquatter settlement in large cities like Kathmandu has increased, occupying public areas usually on the riverbanks due to migrationMigration of people in search of jobs and other opportunitiesOpportunities. These people are mostly poor who usually get work in informal sectorInformal sector. Most of them do not hire rooms due to expensive rent. To fulfil the SDGSustainable Development Goals (SDG) goal 11, Nepalese government is committed to provide shelters to all squattersSquatters by the year 2030. This paper chapter reviews Nepal’s urban squatter settlementsSquatter settlement in general and then explores the environmentEnvironment condition of squatter settlementsSquatter settlement in Kathmandu city. The study draws on information from text-mining method, interview with the key informants, and observation of the city’s squatter settlementsSquatter settlement. The findings show that the environmentEnvironment condition and facilities of the squatter settlementsSquatter settlement are pathetic, and the government efforts so far initiated seem to be impractical and inadequateInadequate. At the end, the paper offers suggestions towards fulfilling the SDG and achieving liveable cities for the poor dwellers—the squattersSquatters.