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This article explores the development mechanism, growth process and key achievements of the Chinese modernization of science and technology. Over the past 70 years since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the Chinese modernization of science and technology experienced a transformation from rapidly catching up with developed countries to surpassing its competitors in innovation. This highlights that “innovation is the primary driving force for development”. What is also at play is the integrated result as well as interaction between three key capabilities (the capability of introducing technologies, the capability of technology imitation, and the capability of independent innovation of technologies) and two major effects (the scale effect of a giant market of China and the scale effect of the world market). As a result, China created its own and unique path of opening up to the outside world, catching up with and surpassing advanced countries at a faster pace in spite of its status as a latecomer and pursuing independent innovation. This is what makes China a technological pioneer in the world now instead of that poor and backward country. China has the world’s largest integrated and high-quality scientific and technological team, one of the world’s largest R&D expenditure, the world’s second largest digital economy and the world’s largest amount of IPR usage fee (import and export). As the largest grain producer, it also ranks among the top countries in terms of papers published in science and technology journals, invention patent application and high-tech export. As China’s scientific and technological contribution rate continues to rise, it is now an innovative power in the world; by 2025, China’s scientific and technological modernization will be at a new level, and this will further change the future world’s science and technology development landscape. When China becomes one of the world’s three major science and technology centers, it will make greater contribution to the development of science and technology in the world.

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From Backwardness to a Great Tech Power, the Chinese Modernization of Science and Technology

  • 章节

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Angang Hu,
  • Shaojie Zhou,
  • Yize Xie

摘要

This article explores the development mechanism, growth process and key achievements of the Chinese modernization of science and technology. Over the past 70 years since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the Chinese modernization of science and technology experienced a transformation from rapidly catching up with developed countries to surpassing its competitors in innovation. This highlights that “innovation is the primary driving force for development”. What is also at play is the integrated result as well as interaction between three key capabilities (the capability of introducing technologies, the capability of technology imitation, and the capability of independent innovation of technologies) and two major effects (the scale effect of a giant market of China and the scale effect of the world market). As a result, China created its own and unique path of opening up to the outside world, catching up with and surpassing advanced countries at a faster pace in spite of its status as a latecomer and pursuing independent innovation. This is what makes China a technological pioneer in the world now instead of that poor and backward country. China has the world’s largest integrated and high-quality scientific and technological team, one of the world’s largest R&D expenditure, the world’s second largest digital economy and the world’s largest amount of IPR usage fee (import and export). As the largest grain producer, it also ranks among the top countries in terms of papers published in science and technology journals, invention patent application and high-tech export. As China’s scientific and technological contribution rate continues to rise, it is now an innovative power in the world; by 2025, China’s scientific and technological modernization will be at a new level, and this will further change the future world’s science and technology development landscape. When China becomes one of the world’s three major science and technology centers, it will make greater contribution to the development of science and technology in the world.