Perovskite-modified electrodes have received increasing attention in the last decade, due to their electrocatalytic properties to undergo the sensitive and selective detection of bioactive molecules, such as hydrogen peroxide, glucose, and dopamine. This review paper describes different types of perovskites involved in their electrocatalytic properties, and the proposed detection mechanism is presented. The analytical performances obtained for different electroactive molecules are listed and compared with those in terms of the type of perovskite used, its nanostructuration, and its association with other conductive nanomaterials. The analytical performance obtained with perovskites is better than that of Ni and Co oxide-based electrochemical sensors. Main trends and future challenges for enlarging and improving the use of perovskite-based electrochemical sensors are then discussed.