The search for new alternatives is a cornerstone of the scientific process. In this context, nanobiomedicine emerges as a field of study with vast potential, where introducing nanomaterials in medicinal studies is not just a solution to problems of conventional methods but a catalyst for new perspectives and solutions. In the face of the complex nature of infections, many researchers have redirected their attention to applying nanostructures to the clinical diagnosis stage. This shift in focus underscores the importance of your research and its potential impact on the field. Therefore, materials are sought with properties that can be manipulated and that are biocompatible, biodegradable, has low toxicity, and others that can be safely integrated into medicinal studies. This chapter will focus on nanomaterials applied to clinical diagnosis, especially metallic nanoparticles for bioimaging and biosensing. In addition, an approach to the traditional and alternative methods used in synthesizing and characterizing these nanomaterials and future perspectives will be addressed.