Chinese education has undergone tremendous transformation complementing the wide-scale socioeconomic reform over the past four decades. Education continues to change along with an increasingly complex and diversified world. This book provides a comprehensive overview and profound insights into the landscape of education in China. It aims to encourage further discussions on the issues and challenges confronting Chinese education and the world and to promote international understanding. The first chapter presents a comprehensive overview of the evolution of Chinese education over the past four decades. It provides essential context and analysis, setting the stage for the following chapters. It reviews educational goalsEducational goals based on China’s Five-Year PlansFive-Year Plans and introduces the Chinese education systemEducation system and structure. The first chapter also explores the development of education and research in China, and reflects developmental trends based on statistics.