Managing Acaricide Resistance in the Cattle Tick, Rhipicephalus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae)
摘要
Ticks and tick-borne diseases are widely distributed worldwide, mainly in tropical and subtropical areas. Acaricides and macrocyclic lactones (MLs) are pivotal in controlling the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus. However, intensive exposure to acaricides and MLs has resulted in selecting resistant tick populations and negatively affects the livelihoods of millions of cattle producers worldwide. To reduce the impact of acaricide resistance, integrated tick management (ITM) is needed using chemical and nonchemical strategies. This ITM consists of the association of the environment and the monthly fluctuation of tick species using a combination of sustainable tools that are compatible and that maintain low levels of parasite populations that cause economic losses. The objective of this chapter is to highlight the main chemical and nonchemical strategies comprehensively for the control of the cattle tick (R. microplus) and minimize the impact of acaricide resistance on global cattle farming.