Role of ACE Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers in Covid19 Patients

COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has led to significant global morbidity and mortality. The virus binds to angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptors to enter host cells, but its role in lung and heart injury remains debated. Angiotensin II (Ang-II) is implicated in severe lung damage due to ACE2 downregulation during infection. ACE inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), widely used for hypertension, may increase ACE2 expression, raising concerns about their impact on COVID-19 patients. While some studies suggest ACEIs/ARBs could worsen COVID-19 outcomes, others propose protective effects by restoring ACE1/ACE2 balance. Despite limited conclusive data, professional bodies recommend continuing ACEIs/ARBs in COVID-19 patients. Meta-analyses indicate no significant increase in severe outcomes for hypertensive COVID-19 patients using these medications.