Disaster Management Law in Pakistan
摘要
In Pakistan, the devastating 2005 Kashmir earthquake was a paradigm shift in Disaster Management system and legislation. After 2005 Kashmir Earthquake, the then Government has realized to transfer the mechanism of addressing Disasters from reactive to proactive approach. Prior to Kashmir earthquake, the Disaster Management system was run under the reactive approach dominated by Prevention and Relief Act, 1958. As Pakistan is prone to diverse nature of disasters and in post-Kashmir Earthquake, the Government has realized the significance of Disaster Management. As a result, the National Disaster Management Commission (NDMC) was established in 2006. Subsequently, the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) a focal body was also established to devise policies as well as to materialize plans and strategies for minimizing risk and increasing community resilience. As a consequence, in 2007 the National Disaster Risk Management Framework was prepared followed by National Disaster Management Act 2010. This has led to establishment of dedicated Ministry of Climate Change and Environmental Coordination, National Disaster Risk Reduction Policy in 2013 and Pakistan Climate Change Act 2017. Likewise, the Disaster Management System was decentralized and Provincial Disaster Management Authorities and further transmitted to local level in the form of District Disaster Management Authority. In Pakistan, the Disaster Management Law and legislations are gradually gaining significance in Government set-up and currently, DRR is part and parcel of the planning process.