Numerous abiotic stressors, including drought, salt, high temperatures, floods, and heavy metal stress, can affect plants. These stressors result in financial losses and have a major detrimental impact on plant development and productivity. Consequently, novel strategies like nanotechnology are applied to lessen the detrimental consequences of these pressures on plants. Agricultural nanotechnology seeks to reduce environmental pollution and the impacts of abiotic stressors, enhance plant disease resistance, maximize water efficiency, and enhance sustainability in agriculture. By stimulating enzyme activity and bacterial adherence to the roots under abiotic stress conditions, nanoparticles help plants overcome nutritional deficits and become more resilient to environmental stressors. Proteomics is a growing discipline of research that gives an understanding of organisms at the cellular level. Moreover, proteomics examines the regulation and functions of biological systems based on analysis of the protein expression profile. This chapter explains a proteome analysis of plant organelles which generates ample information about the intrinsic mechanisms of plant stress responses against nanoparticle exposure.