This chapter reports numerical responses of olive ridley sea turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea) to the 2 km long stretch of cleaned beaches, Kodi and M Kodi, Kundapura, Udupi, Karnataka, on the west coast of India. Annually, very few (4–10 turtles at few locations) turtles were found along the 320 km stretch of the west coast of India (12.87°N, 74.88°E, 22 m amsl). As part of the Swachhata Action Plan of the Government of India, a cleaning and awareness campaign by the Environmental Management and Policy Research Institute (EMPRI) adopted five beaches for 5 months (November 2020–March 2021) and collected 65 tons of garbage. As a result, for the first time, 3600 olive ridley’s eggs were counted without disturbing the nest and eggs at Kodi and M Kodi beaches, implying a greater number of eggs present than the one estimated above because the eggs were also underneath the sand. A dozen, nylon fishing net cages (2 m3) were erected on the beaches to protect turtle eggs from predators. Hatchlings of turtles were found crawling, orienting, and moving to seawaters from January 2021, indicating that beaches are preferred nesting sites. Observations showed that olive ridley’s active foraging in coastal waters confirms that Kodi and M Kodi beaches served as nesting habitats for the turtles. Even small nesting grounds are critical for species’ survival because large nesting congregations are rare and have become rarer. Turtles play a unique role in the marine food web and ecosystem; populations are declining and are categorized as vulnerable by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) Red List. However, olive ridley and the remaining four species of turtles are categorized as endangered because of their few remaining nesting sites in the Indian subcontinent. Extending the cleaning campaign to more beaches will help in long-term conservation of turtles and marine biodiversity. The tools and techniques deployed to gain insight into behavior and ecology of sea turtles needs refinement.

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Behavioral Responses of Olive Ridley Sea Turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea) to Beach Cleaning and Conservation Measures Off the West Coast of India

  • Akshay Kumar Chakravarthy,
  • Ashutosh Dey

摘要

This chapter reports numerical responses of olive ridley sea turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea) to the 2 km long stretch of cleaned beaches, Kodi and M Kodi, Kundapura, Udupi, Karnataka, on the west coast of India. Annually, very few (4–10 turtles at few locations) turtles were found along the 320 km stretch of the west coast of India (12.87°N, 74.88°E, 22 m amsl). As part of the Swachhata Action Plan of the Government of India, a cleaning and awareness campaign by the Environmental Management and Policy Research Institute (EMPRI) adopted five beaches for 5 months (November 2020–March 2021) and collected 65 tons of garbage. As a result, for the first time, 3600 olive ridley’s eggs were counted without disturbing the nest and eggs at Kodi and M Kodi beaches, implying a greater number of eggs present than the one estimated above because the eggs were also underneath the sand. A dozen, nylon fishing net cages (2 m3) were erected on the beaches to protect turtle eggs from predators. Hatchlings of turtles were found crawling, orienting, and moving to seawaters from January 2021, indicating that beaches are preferred nesting sites. Observations showed that olive ridley’s active foraging in coastal waters confirms that Kodi and M Kodi beaches served as nesting habitats for the turtles. Even small nesting grounds are critical for species’ survival because large nesting congregations are rare and have become rarer. Turtles play a unique role in the marine food web and ecosystem; populations are declining and are categorized as vulnerable by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) Red List. However, olive ridley and the remaining four species of turtles are categorized as endangered because of their few remaining nesting sites in the Indian subcontinent. Extending the cleaning campaign to more beaches will help in long-term conservation of turtles and marine biodiversity. The tools and techniques deployed to gain insight into behavior and ecology of sea turtles needs refinement.