Urbanization is one of the important causes of biodiversity loss that modifies natural habitats and alters the ecosystem processes and functions. Major anthropogenic drivers causing biodiversity loss include habitat loss, climate change, and invasion of non-native species. Different species exhibit differential responses to urbanization wherein a few species thrive well and evolve and others seldom adapt to changing environments and perish. Few urban exploiters thrive well in the urban settings, resulting in a dynamic process of colonization, thus contributing to biotic homogenization that may negatively impact biodiversity. Urban sprawl also affects the floral and faunal communities by modifying the vegetation composition, resource availability, species migration, density, and structure. Urban birds have shown wide modifications in their breeding, nesting and foraging patterns, thus exhibiting adaptive responses to urbanization. Urbanization and habitat fragmentation reduce the breeding success of specialized species thriving in urban habitats. Bird specialists with narrow guild requirements were found to decrease with increasing urbanization. Bird abundance followed a reverse trend depicting the dominance of a few synanthropic species.