Utilizing Alkali-Activated Composite with Tannery Sludge and Blast Furnace Slag to Offer a Green Alternative to Portland Cement in the Pursuit of Eco-friendly Development

In the face of the escalating crisis of climate change and environmental degradation, the conventional production of Portland cement has emerged as a significant contributor to the global carbon footprint. Cement production not only releases substantial amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere but also generates toxic pollutants, exacerbating environmental hazards. This study proposes a sustainable alternative by harnessing industrial by-products such as Tannery Sludge (TS) and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) to develop environmentally friendly cement-like construction materials. The process involves activating GGBS and TS through highly alkaline solutions, utilizing sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) for the polymerization process. The resultant product is an amorphous aluminosilicate gel with a structure reminiscent of zeolitic predecessors. Notably, 15% of TS is replaced with GGBS as a binder material, yielding a commendable mechanical strength of 46 MPa at ambient temperature. To delve into the microstructural nuances of the solidified product, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis tests are conducted. This meticulous examination unveils the intricate details of the material’s composition, offering a profound understanding of its structural integrity and potential applications. By repurposing industrial by-products and employing eco-friendly activation methods, this research endeavors to reduce the environmental footprint associated with traditional cement production. The findings not only contribute to mitigating environmental degradation but also pave the way for sustainable construction practices, aligning with the global endeavor to foster a greener and more resilient future.