Exploring the Dynamics of Sustainable Farming in the Western Basins of South 24 Parganas, West Bengal, India

The achievement of food security and environmental equilibrium is connected to the integration of sustainable agricultural practices. This research delves into the complex dynamics of farming methodologies, income, soil, and water quality for the analysis of agricultural sustainability in the western region of South 24 Parganas, in West Bengal, India. The study focuses on understanding how environmental factors, like soil and water quality parameters, influence both farming practices and economic aspects. Despite the limitations caused by growing urbanization, changing climates, and saltwater intrusion, farming continues to be a major contributor to the economy of the area, with mostly small-scale farmers playing an integral part. Based on the study, farmers who practice crop switching and crop diversification are likely to generate greater revenue. The farm’s soil permeability and the irrigation water’s total dissolved solids were also found to be very important variables that affected crop rotation, variety, and ultimately farmer’s profitability. It is critical to diversify the crop variety while also balancing the use of chemical fertilizers or pesticides. The results highlight the need for comprehensive agricultural plans that take into consideration factors related to soil, water quality, and economy to promote sustainable and financially viable farming practices. .