Enhancing Photovoltaic Cell Efficiency Through a U-Shaped Cooling Channel: A Numerical Study

This study presents a numerical simulation of a solar photovoltaic (PV) cell under sun insolation ranging from 400 to 1000 W/m2. The model geometry mimics a realistic PV cell with several layers. A performance comparison between a straight channel and a U-shaped channel is observed. Simulation of Navier–Stokes equations are carried out in Reynolds number range Re \(\in\) [100, 2000]. Results show that the electrical efficiency of the solar panel improves due to improved cooling of the silicon PV cell leading to reduced water outlet temperature for the U-shaped design.