Preclinical Imaging

Nanoparticles are made up of various unique physicochemical properties, and these are modified based on the various requirements for drug delivery. Various immune cells in the bloodstream, like monocytes, platelets, leukocytes, and dendritic cells, along with phagocytes, are capable of destroying nanoparticles in the body. The amount of uptake of nanoparticles is based on various plasma proteins like opsonins and different blood components like hemolysis, thrombogenicity, and complement activation, which will have different actions. Immune cells take up nanoparticles based on various pathways, protein binding capacities, and different internalizations. The protein binding is also based on the different biological media and the nature of the particle-protein complex. The ideal nanoparticle in blood circulation should have the best effects at the various target sites for better delivery to the target site, should not be toxic in nature, and should also be inaccessible to immune cells, which will have more impact on cellular components. This article discusses the various nanoparticle interactions with blood components along with particle size and surface charge, which can define compatibility by various parameters, one of which is the particle interaction with plasma proteins and macrophages.