Approach to Good Governance: A Combination of Rule by Virtue and Rule of Law?

This reflection briefs the origins and characteristics of three key notions: “rule by virtue”, “rule by law”, and “rule of law”. It also discusses an innovative approach that seeks to merge the strengths of “rule by virtue” and “rule by law” to enhance governance, as promoted by the current Chinese government. Pointing out the challenges and misapplications encountered in implementing this blended approach of “rule by virtue” and “rule of law”, the piece argues that the foundation of good governance in contemporary China must rest on a legal system grounded in the rule of law. The government may aspire to a higher goal of winning the hearts of the people through “rule by virtue” to foster societal harmony, strengthen governance legitimacy, and enhance long-term governance effectiveness.