A Critical Look at Challenges and Future Scope of Phytonutrients in Horticultural Crops

Horticultural crops include an abundance of naturally occurring compounds called phytochemicals, which are known to enhance health. These bioactive substances are vital to plants because they bolster their defenses against pests and diseases. Phytochemicals are a broad class of compounds that include lycopene, glucosinolates, flavonoids, ellagic acid, phenols, anthocyanidins, and carotenoids. Some phytochemicals serve as attractants, aiding in the process of pollination and greatly contributing to the vibrant hues, delicious flavors, and delightful aromas of plants. Fruits, vegetables, nuts, tea, and coffee are naturally high in these priceless phytonutrients. This chapter aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the various types of phytonutrients found in horticultural crops. It also delves into their bioactivity, elucidates the health benefits associated with them, and examines technologies designed to naturally increase the concentration of these compounds in plants.