Sugarcane By-Product-Based Industries in Asian Countries

Sugarcane stands out as an exceptional converter of solar energy into valuable biomass and sugar. A diverse array of by-products are generated during sugarcane processing, including bagasse, molasses, press mud, and lesser-known residues like trash, wax, fly ash, biochar, etc. These by-products, often rich in fibres, lignin, pentosans, and pith, present a unique opportunity for conversion into high-value products through chemical, biochemical, and microbial technologies. The Indian sugar industry, on identifying the economic potential of these by-products, has established sugar-agro-industrial complexes where bioethanol, bioelectricity, compressed biogas (CBG), and various value-added products are produced. Amid global moves in sugar markets, an increased demand for bio-based fuels, and consumer preferences favouring sustainable products, the sugar industry is experiencing a significant transformation. The utilization of sugarcane by-products not only augments economic viability but also aligns with broader goals of sustainable resource utilization and waste reduction. This review underscores the diversity of sugarcane by-products originating from the sugar industry, showcasing their role as raw materials for diverse sectors such as paper board, textile, ethanol, CBG, and bioplastic manufacturing.