In global scenario, human activity related to organic and emerging contaminates are threats to the environment. These sectors include the processing of petroleum, textiles, agrochemicals, and pharmaceuticals, which pose to increasing risks for human health and these are the main concern in global environmental health. It is clear that a number of artificial compounds like endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have possible environmental risks as an impact on human health in addition to that of animals and other organisms. The relationship between environmental EDC exposure and altered health of living beings were reported based on the study of epidemiological and experimental investigations, and also brought it to greater attention on human exposure of EDCs in the environment in recent years. Pesticides, polyfluorinated chemicals, toxic compounds, mutagenic xenobiotics, and pharmaceutically active substances are among the other contaminants found in the environment. Since each of these contaminants has detrimental impacts on the environmental health, aquatic system and their dependent ones should be cleared of them through efficient monitoring, using advance technologies and treatment procedures. Hence, current chapter focused on monitoring of all the contaminants come from the environment with reference to anthropological, industrial, automobile, nuclear, and also naturally reacted elements during the earth process may reason for the pollution. These sectors are critically evaluated for the management with strategic plans for mitigation or remediation to make clean and green environment for next generation system.