Environmental pollutants have posed severe risks to environmental integrity due to various health hazards associated with them. Therefore, monitoring and detection of such analytes is crucial in the present scenario. Nowadays, sensor technologies have received significant attention among researchers due to their affordable cost, simplicity, sensitivity, reusability, and specificity in various applications. Among them, biosensors play a major role in drug discovery, biomedical diagnosis, monitoring of disease progression, and environmental pollution monitoring. This chapter mainly focuses on recent advances in biosensors that contributed significantly to the development of environmental sustainability. Optical and nano-based biosensors that work on fluorescence, bioluminescence, and colorimetric detection, electrochemical biosensors that employ amperometric, conductometric, voltammetric, and potentiometric principles are deliberated. In addition, protein and DNA/RNA-based biosensors in environmental monitoring and management are briefly discussed. Indispensable application of biosensors to detect environmental pollutants, their current challenges and future perspectives have also been addressed in this chapter.