Environmental monitoring and management have become increasingly critical in our modern world due to the escalating impact of human activities on ecosystems and natural resources. Biosensors have emerged as powerful tools in this domain, offering sensitive, specific, and real-time detection of various environmental parameters. This chapter provides a concise overview of the role and significance of biosensors in environmental monitoring and management. Biosensors are analytical devices that combine biological elements (e.g., enzymes, antibodies, or microorganisms) with transducers to convert biological reactions into measurable signals. They have gained prominence for their ability to provide rapid and accurate data on a wide range of environmental parameters, including pollutants, pathogens, and biological indicators. The present chapter also highlights the innovative applications, inherent challenges, and potential contributions of biosensors to sustainable environmental conditions. Biosensors offer several advantages in environmental monitoring, including inherent specificity and sensitivity for detecting a wide range of pollutants like heavy metals, pesticides, microbial contaminants, and greenhouse gases. However, they face challenges in maintaining the stability of biological components in complex environmental matrices, ensuring sensor reliability over extended periods, and achieving cost-effectiveness for widespread deployment. Researchers are actively addressing these challenges through advances in materials science, nanotechnology, and biotechnology to enhance biosensor performance and durability. Biosensors find applications in water quality assessment, air pollution monitoring, soil analysis, and biodiversity preservation. In conclusion, biosensors have transformed environmental monitoring and management by providing accurate, timely, and actionable data, crucial for addressing today’s complex environmental challenges. As technology continues to advance, biosensors are expected to become even more versatile and accessible, further enhancing our capacity to protect and sustain the environment for future generations.