The issue of water contamination by diverse inorganic and organic pollutants is a significant concern that negatively impacts human beings, plants, and animals. Among the solutions discovered thus far, using aquatic plants in the phytoremediation process is considered the most favorable. Aquatic habitats are experiencing significant levels of stress and depletion due to the introduction of several types of pollutants. However, specific species of aquatic macrophytes can adapt to such challenging circumstances, including elevated levels of diverse organic and inorganic pollutants inside water bodies. PhytoremediationPhytoremediation is an economically viable remediation technique that addresses aquatic bodies contaminated with heavy metals. Implementing this environmentally friendly approach has proven effective in building wetlands, which can organically regenerate the aquatic biosystem. In the present day, there is a growing interest in examining various aquatic plant species to ascertain their potential and efficacy for phytoremediation application. It is particularly true for plants with a rapid growth rate, such as macrophytes. According to several studies, rhizofiltration has been identified as the exclusive technique for eliminating heavy metals from water through aquatic plants. This chapter examines the potential of many aquatic plant species and engages in a comprehensive discussion regarding the historical background, methodologies, and potential future advancements in the phytoremediation of heavy metals through the utilization of aquatic plants.