Effects of Au-NPs on Wetland Plant and Soil Systems

Nanomaterials offer significant prospects in agriculture due to their distinctive physicochemical characteristics. The use of gold nanoparticles in biological systems has lately been recognized. However, more knowledge is needed on their potential impacts on plant growth and development. Understanding nanoparticle accumulation, translocation, growth response, and stress regulation in plant systems needs to be improved. Exposure of plants to gold and gold nanoparticles has been shown to elicit both beneficial and detrimental effects. Their development and yield differ among different species. Comprehending the physiological, morphological, and genotoxic alterations that occur during the interaction between Au-NPs and sol plants is crucial for efficiently applying Au-NPs in soil and wetland plants. Therefore, it is anticipated that Au-NPs, among the most extensively utilized engineered NPs in various consumer products, will infiltrate natural ecosystems via multiple pathways, including soil and plants. After reviewing the existing literature, conducting future investigations using a multidisciplinary integrated approach is highly recommended. This research should focus on understanding the fate, transformation, accumulation, and toxicity potential of Au-NPs in soil–plant systems. Additionally, it should investigate the overall impact of Au-NPs on environmental and human health.