Role of Community Business in Farmland Conservation in Mountainous Village

In recent years, as local autonomy by residents has become necessary in Japan, the role of community businesses in maintaining local livelihood functions has become increasingly important. This study examines the characteristics of farmland conservation during the development process of village-based community businesses. Using document and interview data obtained from District H, a former village in Yasugi City, Shimane Prefecture, Japan, we applied text mining to assess the residents’ awareness before a community business was established. Moreover, we conducted interviews years after the establishment of the community business and clarified the actual conditions of the community business farmland management. The study’s findings are as follows. First, text mining reveals concerns regarding the future of agriculture. Key themes include challenges from aging populations, lack of successors, the importance of branding local products, community collaboration, the need for stable employment, and environmental sustainability for long-term agricultural practices. Subsequent interviews show that community business partially plays an important role in both the conservation of farmlands by borrowing and using residents’ farmlands, as well as in rural community activities by using farmlands. However, only a few farmers in the community business have managed farmlands, while it needs efficient management. Finally, involving a variety of residents and related outside stakeholders in managing unfavorable farmlands in mountainous areas is important.