High-Entropy Energy Capture Technology: A Review

The method of collecting high-entropy energy from the transportation environment and converting it into electric energy can effectively solve the problem of a long-term and continuous supply of energy in the era of the Internet of Things, and the converted electric energy can provide a guarantee for the normal operation of various low-power devices in most instances. At present, the high-entropy energy harvesting technology in the field of transportation has been carried out in many studies in the world, including thermal energy harvesting and mechanical energy harvesting. Among them, mechanical energy harvesting is the one that has received the most attention, mainly including electromagnetic generators, piezoelectric generators and triboelectric nanogenerators. This paper introduces the existing energy harvesting technologies by summarizing and sorting out the current state of research, focuses on the principles, characteristics and shortcomings of these technologies, discusses the challenges faced by each technology and makes some suggestions for future research directions.