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Chapter Nine focuses on the pedigree relationships of archaeological cultures in Northeast China from the Xia period to the Warring States period. First, based on the spatio-temporal framework, a cross-regional and cross-chronological comparative study of various archaeological cultures has been conducted from the perspective of identifying kinship ties among remains. It is found that archaeological cultures in Northeast China from the Xia period to the Warring States period can be divided into at least six distinct cultural systems: ① the Cultural System of Shuangtuozi culture Phase I → Shuangtuozi culture Phase II → Shuangtuozi culture Phase III → Shuangfang culture, ② the Cultural System of Machengzi culture → Xituanshan culture, ③ the Cutural System of Ping’anpu culture Phase II → Gaotaishan culture → upper Xiajiadian culture, ④ the Culture System of lower Xiajiadian culture (Southern Branch) → Tazhao culture Phase I & II → upper Zhangjiayuan culture, ⑤ the Cultural Systme of Xiaolaha culture → Gucheng remains → Baijinbao culture → Hanshu culture Phase II, ⑥ the Culture System of Xingcheng culture → Liutingdong culture. Archaeological cultures within each system share cultural continuity and belong to the same archaeological cultural pedigree. Secondly, according to the differences in the relationships between cultures in each geographical region, three “serial archaeological cultural regions” (the Nenjiang River basin, the Tumen River basin, and southern Liaodong) and two “sequential archaeological cultural regions” (the Liaoxi mountainous area and the northern Liaodong area) are identified, while the other two regions (the Liaoxi Plain and the West Songhua River basin) remain difficult to classify. Finally, based on differences in natural environment, cultural characteristics, historical context, and cultural background, two parallel cultural belts are delineated: one is the western “Greater Khingan Mountains – Yanshan Mountain Cultural Belt” centered on the Great Khingan Mountains and the Yanshan Mountains; the other is the eastern “Changbai Mountain – Qianshan Mountain Cultural Belt” centered on the Changbai Mountains and the Qianshan Mountains.

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Pedigree Relations Between Archaeological Cultures in the Northeast from Xia to Warring States Period

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Binfu Zhao

摘要

Chapter Nine focuses on the pedigree relationships of archaeological cultures in Northeast China from the Xia period to the Warring States period. First, based on the spatio-temporal framework, a cross-regional and cross-chronological comparative study of various archaeological cultures has been conducted from the perspective of identifying kinship ties among remains. It is found that archaeological cultures in Northeast China from the Xia period to the Warring States period can be divided into at least six distinct cultural systems: ① the Cultural System of Shuangtuozi culture Phase I → Shuangtuozi culture Phase II → Shuangtuozi culture Phase III → Shuangfang culture, ② the Cultural System of Machengzi culture → Xituanshan culture, ③ the Cutural System of Ping’anpu culture Phase II → Gaotaishan culture → upper Xiajiadian culture, ④ the Culture System of lower Xiajiadian culture (Southern Branch) → Tazhao culture Phase I & II → upper Zhangjiayuan culture, ⑤ the Cultural Systme of Xiaolaha culture → Gucheng remains → Baijinbao culture → Hanshu culture Phase II, ⑥ the Culture System of Xingcheng culture → Liutingdong culture. Archaeological cultures within each system share cultural continuity and belong to the same archaeological cultural pedigree. Secondly, according to the differences in the relationships between cultures in each geographical region, three “serial archaeological cultural regions” (the Nenjiang River basin, the Tumen River basin, and southern Liaodong) and two “sequential archaeological cultural regions” (the Liaoxi mountainous area and the northern Liaodong area) are identified, while the other two regions (the Liaoxi Plain and the West Songhua River basin) remain difficult to classify. Finally, based on differences in natural environment, cultural characteristics, historical context, and cultural background, two parallel cultural belts are delineated: one is the western “Greater Khingan Mountains – Yanshan Mountain Cultural Belt” centered on the Great Khingan Mountains and the Yanshan Mountains; the other is the eastern “Changbai Mountain – Qianshan Mountain Cultural Belt” centered on the Changbai Mountains and the Qianshan Mountains.