Effects of Algal Biodiesel–Petro-diesel Blends in Emission from IC Engine

Biodiesel, a promising alternative to conventional fossil fuels, garners increased attention for its potential in mitigating pollution and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. In a recent study, the impact of blending biodiesel (10–30%) derived from native mixed algal biomass with petroleum diesel on emission characteristics was assessed using a VCR 4-stroke engine. Emissions were analyzed with an AVL444 di-gas analyzer, measuring CO and CO2, along with exhaust temperature, at various engine loads (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, and 120 kg). Results indicated that CO and CO2 emissions were consistently lower than petro-diesel across all load conditions, decreasing further with an increased percentage of algal biodiesel in the blend. Unburned hydrocarbon levels decreased, except for a slight rise at 30% biodiesel until the 40 kg load, dropping sharply thereafter and reaching a minimum of 14 ppm at overload (120 kg). Notably, NOx emissions exceeded those of petro-diesel at all loads due to higher heat generation in the combustion chamber from algal biodiesel’s elevated cetane number. Mitigation strategies, such as additives or de-NOx catalysts, were suggested. By substituting fossil fuels with biodiesel from native mixed algal biomass or their blends, a substantial reduction in pollutant release into the atmosphere is achievable. This shift contributes significantly to global pollution control, offering environmental and public health benefits. The widespread adoption of biodiesel aligns with global efforts to combat pollution and fosters a more sustainable and eco-friendly energy future.