Convective clouds are ubiquitous over the tropics and midlatitudes, and they are part of aggregated convection. The convection is initially driven by the boundary layer eddies and the fair-weather cumulus, which gets favored by the vertical ascent. The deep convective clouds in the Indian monsoon environment, as inferred from the in situ measurements, ground-based polarimetric radar and numerical simulations are a major topic of discussion in this chapter. The environmental conditions, the growth/decay of cumulus clouds, and processes involved in forming warm and cold rain, cloud organization are discussed. The in situ measurements are focussed on the continental convective clouds and their sensitivity to the large-scale moisture content and sub-cloud aerosols that are critically investigated with high-resolution models as well. Polarimetric radars can give a key information on the microphysical processes and organization of clouds and rainfall types. It is shown from existing literature that key cloud dynamics and microphysics observations give pathways for improving the emerging global cloud-resolving models.