Computational Modelling

Significant number of finite element method (FEM), finite difference method, and particle-based codes are available to practicing engineers and researchers for performing impact analyses. These versatile codes, such as Abaqus [1], LS-Dyna [2], Ansys-Autodyn [3], EPIC [4], CTH [5], ALEGRA [6], SIERRA [7], ALE3D [8], and others [9, 10], cater to a wide spectrum of applications. They empower analysts to tackle challenges ranging from crashworthiness assessments, foreign object impacts on structures, and blast explosions on buildings to oil shale explosions and debris impacts on space structures. These codes seamlessly handle an array of materials, including metals, ceramics, layered polymeric composites, rocks, concrete, and soils.