Different Structural Configurations of Magnetostrictive Energy Harvester: A Comprehensive Review for Sensor Applications

Vibrationaloenergy harvesting has emerged as a viable battery-free solution for powering microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), particularly in extensive wirelessosensor networks utilized in aerospace and building infrastructures. This study focuses on the implementation of the Magnetostrictive Energy Harvesting (MEH) technique and conducts a comparative analysis with various other methods to enhance its advantages. The research assesses the performance of three widely used magnetostrictive materials—Terfenol-D (Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe2), Metglas (Fe81B13.5Si3.5C2), and Galfenol (Fe1-xGax)—in the development of magnetostrictive sensors. Utilizing finite element modeling, the paper anticipates stress analysis across different models, compares magnetostrictive materials (MsM), and deliberates on their respective merits and drawbacks. The stress distribution and output coil voltages of different MsM are simulated in COMSOL software. The findings are expected to contribute to the optimization of magnetostrictive sensor design and the advancement of energy harvesting and sensing technology.