Borophene-Based Materials for Gas and Wearble Sensing Applications

Due to industrialization and urbanization, the degree of contamination of natural resources rises because of increasing concentration of pollutants in the environment that cause severe global issues like global warming, acid rain, and increased toxicity in air that affect human health in terms of severe or permanent neurasthenia syndrome, and chronic respiratory inflammation which reduce the average lifespan of human which makes the monitoring the concentration of health hazarding pollutant essential. As mono elemental 2D layered nanomaterial such as graphene is attentively used in sensors and biosensors, but due to lack of air stability and more susceptibility to oxidation, an alternative borophene mono elemental monolayer-based materials came into the limelight in 2015. Borophene is the crystalline atomic 2D monolayer sheet of boron which attracted immense attention due to its excellent air stability, high carrier mobility, photon-mediated superconductivity, high surface-to-volume ratio, high selectivity, mechanical compliance, flexibility, negative Poisson’s ratio, defect sites, fast response, optical transparency, high sensitivity, ultrahigh thermal conductance and extensive detection range of 200 parts per billion to 100 parts per million which make it an excellent material for sensing application such as gas sensing, electrochemical sensing, excitonic and molecular sensing, etc. In this chapter, we will begin with the fundamental properties of borophene and the working mechanism of borophene in sensing applications in terms of both theoretical and experimental aspects. After that, we will delve into borophene-based nanocomposite in sensing applications such as gas sensing, chemosensing, biosensing, and molecular and excitonic sensing.