Agro-waste Lignocellulose Valorization for Sustainable Circular Bioeconomy

The use of agro-waste in industrial manufacturing has grown significantly due to overpopulation and the progressive bioeconomy model. Because of the wide range of waste applications and abundant resources, many businesses have begun large-scale production. This study reviewed the various agro-wastes and their applications. There have been several reports of agro-waste being utilized as value-added bioeconomy crops. In this paper, coconut fibre (CF) in the potential characteristic for the manufacture of lactic acid (LA) has also been studied. More specifically, current research and development in utilizing bio-agro-waste via the specific chemical treatment of ethylenediamine (EDA) were also discussed to improve the potential fermentability of the materials as substrate in LA production. As a result of the research, CF pretreatment using EDA modified the chemical structure with significant lignin and hemicellulose removal further supporting this claim. As a result, the surface characteristic of EDA-pre-treated CF was more accessible to hydrolytic enzymes, improving fermentation results. This paper addresses the importance of lignocellulose as a potential sustainable raw material for producing LA via EDA pretreatment for fermentation use. This discovery is useful in supporting the bioeconomy's agro-waste valorization process.