Natural Bioactive Compounds in Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Seed, Seed Oil and Flower and Usages

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a plant that has been used for centuries for various purposes. It is primarily cultivated for its seeds, which are rich in natural bioactive compounds. This book section shall explore the bioactive compounds found in safflower seed, seed oil, and flower and their potential usage, which can maximize resource efficiency, minimize waste, promote sustainable cultivation practices, and create environmentally friendly products. C. tinctorius is a versatile plant known for its valuable bioactive compounds found in its seeds, seed oil, and flowers. The seeds are a rich source of omega-6 fatty acids, antioxidants, proteins, and fibre, offering benefits for skin health, brain function, and immune support. With its high linoleic acid and vitamin E content, Safflower seed oil finds applications in skin care products and culinary uses. The vibrant safflower flowers contain carthamin, a natural red pigment used for dyeing textiles and food colouring, while also potentially providing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Safflower and its derivatives are used in culinary applications, skincare products, natural dyeing, and traditional medicine, although further research is needed to fully explore their therapeutic potential to maximize the benefit by combining the principles of the circular economy with the utilization of biological resources.