Detailed user electricity information is crucial for promoting energy conservation, emission reduction, and implementing energy optimization. To address the issue of power line interference in the precise data acquisition process, a novel electricity metering system based on electricity identification has been proposed and designed. The metering system consists of two main parts: the electricity identification end and the collection metering end. At the electricity identification end, each electrical appliance’s electricity information is independently encoded through ASK (Amplitude Shift Keying) digital modulation and coupled to the power line via capacitive coupling. Through power line carrier communication, the collection metering end collects and analyzes the independently encoded information to achieve electricity metering. By constructing an SSA-ELM load recognition model, the accuracy of load recognition has been improved, corresponding to fine-grained electricity consumption of various electrical appliances, thereby providing users with more detailed and intuitive electricity usage data.