Visualization of Data: Basic and Advanced

Graphical visualization forms a very important component of a research paper. It provides the essential medium to quickly communicate important scientific findings of the research work. Understanding the methods by which graphical visualization can be made is very much essential in today’s work of a researcher. In this chapter, we outline the methodology required for creating different types of visualizations using both the base package of R as well as ggplot2, one of the dedicated packages for creating visualizations. We cover different types of visualization, ranging from bar plots based on frequency, as well as average and standard deviation, histograms, box plots, scatter plots, line charts, pie charts, and density charts. Additionally, we discuss different methods to create the same graph, techniques for joining multiple figures, creating figures with multi-faceted representations, and adding significance values to the graph. Finally, we have tried to supplement all of the information with readily interpretable examples.