Medicinal and Nutritional Importance of Adhatoda vasica in Human Health

Adhatoda vasica Nees, also referred to as Adosa, is a member of the Acanthaceae family and is regarded for its many uses in ancient Unani and Ayurvedic medical systems. It is extensively distributed throughout India and the world. Because of its stimulating impact on the respiratory system, fresh Vasica leaves have traditionally been ingested by yogis or sadhus, sometimes in conjunction with ginger. Adhatoda has been utilized for respiratory conditions, asthma, and chronic bronchitis since ancient times. It is known for its antispasmodic and expectorant qualities. Notably, Adhatoda vasica contains a large number of alkaloids, including vasicolone, vasicinone, and vasicine. A wide range of pharmacological activities related to Adhatoda vasica have been revealed by extensive research. These activities include effects on reproductive organs as well as anticancer, anti-diabetes, antitussive, antibacterial, anti-asthmatic, bronchodilator, anti-ulcer, anti-inflammatory, abortifacient, cardioprotective, radioprotective, antimutagenic, cholagogue, insecticidal, anti-tubercular, anticholinesterase, sucrase inhibitory, antimicrobial, antiviral, thrombolytic, antifungal, anthelmintic, anticancer, anti-diabetes, anti-cestodal, hepatoprotective, and immunomodulatory effects. However, because Adhatoda vasica has a broad phytochemical profile and there may be room for more pharmacological property discovery, more research is necessary. This chapter focuses on traditional usage, nutritional content, phytochemical composition, and pharmacological effects of Adhatoda vasica.