Medicinal and Nutritional Importance of Eucalyptus camaldulensis in Human Health

Eucalyptus camaldulensis, also known as the river red gum, is an iconic and ecologically important species that contributes significantly to the Australian landscape and ecosystems, which also contains over 700 species. In addition, it belongs to the genus Eucalyptus. Moreover, E. camaldulensis is an evergreen tree that can grow up to 45 m in height with a straight trunk and a dense canopy of narrow, lance-shaped leaves. The tree produces clusters of creamy-white flowers, and later, woody capsules containing numerous small seeds. Literature reported that E. camaldulensis is well adapted to a range of environments, particularly those associated with watercourses. River red gum is commonly found along rivers, streams, and food plains in Australia. Although E. camaldulensis is rich in bioactive phytochemicals, they vary based on factors such as the plants age, environmental conditions, and geographical location. The E. camaldulensis is rich in essential oils and phenolic compounds including quercetin, dihydromyricetin, kaempferol, vitexin, etc. Furthermore, antimicrobial assays revealed that the plant contains effective antimicrobial compounds with a variety of mechanisms of action. In addition, E. camaldulensis is commercially valuable for its timber, which is used for a range of purposes including construction, furniture, and paper production. This chapter presents updated information on chemical composition, pharmacology, and toxicology of the plant and its principal compound.